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1. In most social animals, the prevalence of directly transmitted pathogens increases in larger groups and at higher population densities. Such patterns are predicted by models of Mycobacterium bovis infection in European badgers (Meles meles). 2. We investigated the relationship between badger abundance and M. bovis prevalence, using data on 2696 adult badgers in 10 populations sampled at the start of the Randomized Badger Culling Trial. 3. M. bovis prevalence was consistently higher at low badger densities and in small social groups. M. bovis prevalence was also higher among badgers whose genetic profiles suggested that they had immigrated into their assigned social groups. 4. The association between high M. bovis prevalence and small badger group size appeared not to have been caused by previous small-scale culling in study areas, which had been suspended, on average, 5 years before the start of the current study. 5. The observed pattern of prevalence might occur through badgers in smaller groups interacting more frequently with members of neighbouring groups; detailed behavioural data are needed to test this hypothesis. Likewise, longitudinal data are needed to determine whether the size of infected groups might be suppressed by disease-related mortality. 6. Although M. bovis prevalence was lower at high population densities, the absolute number of infected badgers was higher. However, this does not necessarily mean that the risk of M. bovis transmission to cattle is highest at high badger densities, since transmission risk depends on badger behaviour as well as on badger density.

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/j.1365-2656.2009.01545.x

Type

Journal article

Journal

The Journal of animal ecology

Publication Date

07/2009

Volume

78

Pages

818 - 827

Addresses

Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. rosie.woodroffe@ioz.ac.uk

Keywords

Animals, Mustelidae, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis, Body Weight, Prevalence, Behavior, Animal, Social Behavior, Ecosystem, Population Dynamics, Time Factors, Female, Male, Host-Pathogen Interactions