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DNA microarrays can be used to identify gene expression changes characteristic of human disease. This is challenging, however, when relevant differences are subtle at the level of individual genes. We introduce an analytical strategy, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, designed to detect modest but coordinate changes in the expression of groups of functionally related genes. Using this approach, we identify a set of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation whose expression is coordinately decreased in human diabetic muscle. Expression of these genes is high at sites of insulin-mediated glucose disposal, activated by PGC-1alpha and correlated with total-body aerobic capacity. Our results associate this gene set with clinically important variation in human metabolism and illustrate the value of pathway relationships in the analysis of genomic profiling experiments.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ng1180

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature genetics

Publication Date

07/2003

Volume

34

Pages

267 - 273

Addresses

Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Keywords

Muscle, Skeletal, Cells, Cultured, Myoblasts, Animals, Humans, Mice, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Insulin, Glucose, Transcription Factors, RNA, Messenger, Glucose Tolerance Test, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Down-Regulation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Male