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Background & aimsMonogenic forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) illustrate the essential roles of individual genes in pathways and networks safeguarding immune tolerance and gut homeostasis.MethodsTo build a taxonomy model, we assessed 165 disorders. Genes were prioritized based on penetrance of IBD and disease phenotypes were integrated with multi-omics datasets. Monogenic IBD genes were classified by (1) overlapping syndromic features, (2) response to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, (3) bulk RNA-sequencing of 32 tissues, (4) single-cell RNA-sequencing of >50 cell subsets from the intestine of healthy individuals and patients with IBD (pediatric and adult), and (5) proteomes of 43 immune subsets. The model was validated by addition of newly identified monogenic IBD defects. As a proof-of-concept, we explore the intersection between immunometabolism and antimicrobial activity for a group of disorders (G6PC3/SLC37A4).ResultsOur quantitative integrated taxonomy defines the cellular landscape of monogenic IBD gene expression across 102 genes with high and moderate penetrance (81 in the model set and 21 genes in the validation set). We illustrate distinct cellular networks, highlight expression profiles across understudied cell types (e.g., CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, epithelial subsets, and endothelial cells) and define genotype-phenotype associations (perianal disease and defective antimicrobial activity). We illustrate processes and pathways shared across cellular compartments and phenotypic groups and highlight cellular immunometabolism with mammalian target of rapamycin activation as one of the converging pathways. There is an overlap of genes and enriched cell-specific expression between monogenic and polygenic IBD.ConclusionOur taxonomy integrates genetic, clinical and multi-omic data; providing a basis for genomic diagnostics and testable hypotheses for disease functions and treatment responses.

Original publication

DOI

10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.014

Type

Journal article

Journal

Gastroenterology

Publication Date

03/2022

Volume

162

Pages

859 - 876

Addresses

Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

Keywords

Cells, Cultured, Macrophages, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Glucose-6-Phosphatase, Glucose-6-Phosphate, Antiporters, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Gene Expression Profiling, Age of Onset, Signal Transduction, Genotype, Phenotype, Penetrance, Classification, Metabolomics, Genetic Association Studies