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Is there a single executive process or are there multiple executive processes that work together towards the same goal in some task? In these experiments, we use counter switching and response inhibition tasks to examine the neural underpinnings of two cognitive processes that have often been identified as potential executive processes: the switching of attention between tasks, and the resolution of interference between competing task responses. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), for both event-related and blocked design tasks, we find evidence for common neural areas across both tasks in bilateral parietal cortex (BA 40), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; BA 9), premotor cortex (BA 6) and medial frontal cortex (BA 6/32). However, we also find areas preferentially involved in the switching of attention between mental counts (BA 7, BA 18) and the inhibition of a prepotent motor response (BA 6, BA 10), respectively. These findings provide evidence for the separability of cognitive processes underlying executive control.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00167-7

Type

Journal article

Journal

Neuropsychologia

Publication Date

01/2003

Volume

41

Pages

357 - 370

Addresses

Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 E University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. yunecs@umich.edu

Keywords

Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Inhibition (Psychology), Cognition, Task Performance and Analysis, Attention, Saccades, Adolescent, Adult