Ethanol intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
Rohrmann S., Linseisen J., Vrieling A., Boffetta P., Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ., Lowenfels AB., Jensen MK., Overvad K., Olsen A., Tjonneland A., Boutron-Ruault M-C., Clavel-Chapelon F., Fagherazzi G., Misirli G., Lagiou P., Trichopoulou A., Kaaks R., Bergmann MM., Boeing H., Bingham S., Khaw K-T., Allen N., Roddam A., Palli D., Pala V., Panico S., Tumino R., Vineis P., Peeters PHM., Hjartåker A., Lund E., Redondo Cornejo ML., Agudo A., Arriola L., Sánchez M-J., Tormo M-J., Barricarte Gurrea A., Lindkvist B., Manjer J., Johansson I., Ye W., Slimani N., Duell EJ., Jenab M., Michaud DS., Mouw T., Riboli E., Bueno-de-Mesquita HB.
ObjectiveTo examine the association of baseline and lifetime ethanol intake with cancer of the pancreas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).MethodsIncluded in this analysis were 478,400 subjects, of whom detailed information on the intake of alcoholic beverages at baseline and over lifetime was collected between 1992 and 2000. During a median follow-up time of 8.9 years, 555 non-endocrine pancreatic cancer cases were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of ethanol intake at recruitment and average lifetime ethanol intake and pancreatic cancer adjusting for smoking, height, weight, and history of diabetes.ResultsOverall, neither ethanol intake at recruitment (relative risk (RR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69-1.27 comparing 30+ g/d vs. 0.1-4.9 g/d) nor average lifetime ethanol intake (RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.65-1.39) was associated with pancreatic cancer risk. High lifetime ethanol intake from spirits/liquor at recruitment tended to be associated with a higher risk (RR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.93-2.10 comparing 10+ g/d vs. 0.1-4.9 g/d), but no associations were observed for wine and beer consumption.ConclusionThese results suggest no association of alcohol consumption with the risk of pancreatic cancer.