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Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent agent of human malaria, shares a recent common ancestor with the gorilla parasite Plasmodium praefalciparum. Little is known about the other gorilla- and chimpanzee-infecting species in the same (Laverania) subgenus as P. falciparum, but none of them are capable of establishing repeated infection and transmission in humans. To elucidate underlying mechanisms and the evolutionary history of this subgenus, we have generated multiple genomes from all known Laverania species. The completeness of our dataset allows us to conclude that interspecific gene transfers, as well as convergent evolution, were important in the evolution of these species. Striking copy number and structural variations were observed within gene families and one, stevor, shows a host-specific sequence pattern. The complete genome sequence of the closest ancestor of P. falciparum enables us to estimate the timing of the beginning of speciation to be 40,000-60,000 years ago followed by a population bottleneck around 4,000-6,000 years ago. Our data allow us also to search in detail for the features of P. falciparum that made it the only member of the Laverania able to infect and spread in humans.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41564-018-0162-2

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature microbiology

Publication Date

06/2018

Volume

3

Pages

687 - 697

Addresses

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. thomasdan.otto@glasgow.ac.uk.

Keywords

Animals, Humans, Plasmodium, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Virulence, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Genome, Protozoan, Multigene Family, Genetic Speciation, Host Specificity