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We report a genome-wide association (GWA) study of severe malaria in The Gambia. The initial GWA scan included 2,500 children genotyped on the Affymetrix 500K GeneChip, and a replication study included 3,400 children. We used this to examine the performance of GWA methods in Africa. We found considerable population stratification, and also that signals of association at known malaria resistance loci were greatly attenuated owing to weak linkage disequilibrium (LD). To investigate possible solutions to the problem of low LD, we focused on the HbS locus, sequencing this region of the genome in 62 Gambian individuals and then using these data to conduct multipoint imputation in the GWA samples. This increased the signal of association, from P = 4 × 10(-7) to P = 4 × 10(-14), with the peak of the signal located precisely at the HbS causal variant. Our findings provide proof of principle that fine-resolution multipoint imputation, based on population-specific sequencing data, can substantially boost authentic GWA signals and enable fine mapping of causal variants in African populations.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ng.388

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nature genetics

Publication Date

06/2009

Volume

41

Pages

657 - 665

Addresses

MRC Laboratories, Fajara, Banjul, Gambia.

Keywords

Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network, Humans, Malaria, Hemoglobin, Sickle, Severity of Illness Index, Chromosome Mapping, Linkage Disequilibrium, Polymorphism, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Reference Values, Ethnic Groups, Gambia, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study