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Genome-sequencing studies indicate that all humans carry many genetic variants predicted to cause loss of function (LoF) of protein-coding genes, suggesting unexpected redundancy in the human genome. Here we apply stringent filters to 2951 putative LoF variants obtained from 185 human genomes to determine their true prevalence and properties. We estimate that human genomes typically contain ~100 genuine LoF variants with ~20 genes completely inactivated. We identify rare and likely deleterious LoF alleles, including 26 known and 21 predicted severe disease-causing variants, as well as common LoF variants in nonessential genes. We describe functional and evolutionary differences between LoF-tolerant and recessive disease genes and a method for using these differences to prioritize candidate genes found in clinical sequencing studies.

Original publication

DOI

10.1126/science.1215040

Type

Journal article

Journal

Science (New York, N.Y.)

Publication Date

02/2012

Volume

335

Pages

823 - 828

Addresses

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK. macarthur@atgu.mgh.harvard.edu

Keywords

1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Humans, Disease, Proteins, Gene Expression, Gene Frequency, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome, Human, Genetic Variation, Selection, Genetic