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We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify novel associations between genetic variants and circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration, and examined functional implications of variants and genes that were discovered. A discovery meta-analysis was performed in 19 599 subjects, followed by replication analysis of genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10(-8)) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 796 independent samples. We further examined associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, assessed the functional significance of the SNPs for gene expression in human tissues, and conducted RNA-silencing experiments for one novel association. We confirmed the association of the 4G/5G proxy SNP rs2227631 in the promoter region of SERPINE1 (7q22.1) and discovered genome-wide significant associations at 3 additional loci: chromosome 7q22.1 close to SERPINE1 (rs6976053, discovery P = 3.4 × 10(-10)); chromosome 11p15.2 within ARNTL (rs6486122, discovery P = 3.0 × 10(-8)); and chromosome 3p25.2 within PPARG (rs11128603, discovery P = 2.9 × 10(-8)). Replication was achieved for the 7q22.1 and 11p15.2 loci. There was nominal association with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease at ARNTL (P < .05). Functional studies identified MUC3 as a candidate gene for the second association signal on 7q22.1. In summary, SNPs in SERPINE1 and ARNTL and an SNP associated with the expression of MUC3 were robustly associated with circulating levels of PAI-1.

Original publication

DOI

10.1182/blood-2012-06-436188

Type

Journal article

Journal

Blood

Publication Date

12/2012

Volume

120

Pages

4873 - 4881

Addresses

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHBLI) Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.

Keywords

DIAGRAM Consortium, CARDIoGRAM Consortium, C4D Consortium, CARDIOGENICS Consortium, Monocytes, Cell Line, Cell Line, Tumor, Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, PPAR gamma, Transcription Factors, Cohort Studies, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, RNA Interference, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Coronary Artery Disease, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genome-Wide Association Study, Mucin-3, ARNTL Transcription Factors, LIM Domain Proteins, ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities